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Acute: sudden and/or severe onset of a condition.
Antibiotic: a specific type of medication that treats infection by killing bacteria or preventing its growth.
Anus: the lower opening of the digestive tract, lying in the cleft between the buttocks, through which fecal matter is eliminated.
Back to topBacteria: single-celled microorganisms that differ from all other organisms in that they lack a true nucleus and organelles such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, and lysosomes (an example of a bacterium is Escherichia coli).
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland.
Bladder: a balloon-like organ that serves as the body's container for storing urine.
Broad-spectrum antibiotic: an antibiotic that kills a wide range of bacteria.
Back to topCatheter: see "Urinary catheter."
Cervix: the lower part of the uterus extending into the vagina.
Chronic: recurrent or ongoing.
Complicated UTI: urinary tract infection that develops in a person with an underlying disease or abnormality that makes the infection more likely to occur and/or harder to treat.
Cystitis: an infection or inflammation of the bladder.
Back to topFeces: the matter discharged during a bowel movement, consisting of the undigested food, epithelium, mucus, bacteria, and waste material from the food.
Back to topImmunity: resistance resulting from previous exposure to an infectious agent or antigen.
Infection: a medical condition resulting from the presence of bacteria or other germs.
Inflammation: swelling, redness, and pain resulting from irritation or infection.
Intravenous: within a vein or veins.
Back to topKidneys: two large, bean-shaped organs that produce urine to filter waste from the blood.
Back to topOrganisms: any living individuals, whether plant or animal, considered as a whole.
Back to topProlapse: sinking of an organ or other part.
Prostate: walnut-sized gland in the male reproductive system that produces fluid for semen.
Pyelonephritis: an infection of the kidney(s).
Back to topRecurrent UTI: urinary tract infection that returns after the initial infection is treated, but is caused by a new strain or type of bacteria (different from the original one).
Relapse: urinary tract infection that returns after the initial infection is treated and is caused by the same infecting bacteria as the original infection.
Back to topSexually transmitted disease (STD): any disease transmitted by sexual contact, which is either caused by microorganisms that survive on the skin or mucous membranes of the genital area, or transmitted through semen, vaginal secretions, or blood during intercourse.
Susceptibility: a test to determine the activity of antibiotics against microorganisms that have been isolated and identified from cultures. (May be performed in conjunction with urine culture.)
Sterile: free of bacteria or other germs (organisms).
Suprapubic tenderness: uncomfortable pressure above the pubic bone.
Systemic: relating to the whole body.
Back to topUncomplicated UTI: urinary tract infection that develops in people who are otherwise healthy and have no urinary tract abnormalities.
Ureters: two thin tubes that carry urine downward from the kidneys to the bladder.
Urethra: a thin tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body (in men it also carries semen, and it exits through the end of the penis).
Urethritis: inflammation of the urethra.
Urinalysis: a simple test to analyze one's urine.
Urinary catheter: a tube that is placed in the bladder to help with urination.
Urinary tract: consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
Urinary tract infection: occurs when bacteria invade the urine, causing inflammation of the urinary tract and movement of white blood cells into urine.
Urination/Urinate: the process of emptying the bladder. Also called "voiding."
Urine: a liquid, which is produced by the kidneys, containing waste and water from the blood.
Urine culture: a test that is used to identify organisms that may be present in urine.
Urologist: a doctor who specializes in diseases of the urinary tract and the male reproductive system.
Back to topVagina: the genital canal in the female, extending from the uterus to the vulva.
Virus: a microorganism smaller than a bacterium, which cannot grow or reproduce apart from a living cell.
Back to topWhite blood cells: cells that fight infection.
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